A person with diabetes has either improper insulin utilisation or insufficient insulin production. The hormone insulin is required by your body to transform glucose, or blood sugar, into the energy that powers your cells.

Diabetes comes in a number of primary forms.

• Type 1 diabetes: an inability of the body to manufacture enough insulin. Of those with diabetes, 5–10% are impacted by this. Juvenile diabetes used to be the name for this kind.

• Type 2 diabetes: an improper use of insulin by the body. Type 2 diabetes affects most individuals. It used to be this kind.

termed diabetes of adult onset. That being said, Type 2 diabetes is now being diagnosed in an increasing number of children. One of the main causes is the rise in children who are overweight or obese as a result of poor eating habits and inactivity.

A person with pre-diabetes has blood glucose levels that are higher than normal but not high enough to be classified as Type 2 diabetes. Investigators are aware that long-term harm to the heart and blood vessels occurs even in pre-diabetes. Good news! Lifestyle modifications can stop or slow the progression of pre-diabetes into Type 2 diabetes.

In America, the prevalence of diabetes is rising. The proportion of the population with diabetes has tripled in the past 30 years. Over 18 million Americans currently suffer from diabetes. A further 41 million people are pre-diabetic.

What is the cause of Diabetes?

It is unknown what specifically causes diabetes. It seems, though, that lifestyle factors like being overweight and not getting enough exercise, in addition to heredity, are at play.

The risk factors for heart and blood vessel problems and diabetes are very similar. In actuality, heart or blood vessel disease is the cause of death for more than 65% of diabetics. Your chances increase as your risk factors do.

the likelihood of contracting diabetes, heart disease, or blood vessel disease. Therefore, according to experts, if you have diabetes, changing your risk factors is just as crucial as it would be if you had suffered a heart attack.

Risk factors you can change

• A less-than-healthy diet
• Lack of exercise
• Smoking
• Excess weight

Risk factors you cannot change

• Age-the risk increases with age
• Heredity-the risk increases if there is family history of diabetes

Other health conditions that can increase your risk

• High cholesterol
• High blood pressure

To learn more, go to the Risk Factors section and the Health Conditions section (to learn about high cholesterol and high blood pressure).

What are the symptoms of Diabetes?

Typical symptoms of diabetes include:

• Frequent urination
• Excessive thirst
• Extreme hunger
• Unusual weight loss
• lncreased fatigue
• lrritability
• Blurry vision

What tests could I have?

To determine if you have diabetes, your doctor may recommend one or more of the tests below: Test results can also help your doctor choose the best treatment for you. In severe cases, if your doctor also suspects heart disease, you may be referred to a cardiologist for diagnosis, testing, and sometimes treatment. Please visit the care team for more information.

Glucose Tests

One or more glucose tests are used to determine whether a patient has diabetes or pre-diabetes. The amount of glucosa in your blood is measured using a variety of tests. The tests are different from one another in that.

1. the amount of time you fast (avoid eating and drinking) before the test.

2. whether or not the test requires you to consume a glucosa beverage.

The A 1C test, pronounced "A one C," is one type of glucosa test. It calculates your average blood glucose level for the previous few months. Red blood cells and glucose adhere to one another. You get a retrospective view from the test because red blood cells have a lifespan of 75–90 days. It displays the last 75–90 days' worth of your glucosa levels. The test helps your doctor determine how effectively your treatment is working over time.

Blood tests to measure glucose are straightforward. Your blood is drawn by a technician, typically at the inside elbow bend. Small test tubes are used to collect the blood, which is then taken to a lab for analysis.

What are the treatment options?

Living a healthier lifestyle may be part of your treatment since lifestyle factors can affect diabetes. Your physician or nurse may recommend some effective strategies if you have trouble controlling your weight, for instance. See the section on Risk Factors for more information.

The outcomes of your tests will determine other forms of treatment. One of these drugs or treatments may be suggested by your doctor, among others.

Medications

• lnsulin
• Pills

Insulin

Your body needs the hormone insulin to transform glucose, or blood sugar, into energy that it can use. Due to insufficient insulin production, all individuals with Type 1 diabetes require insulin therapy. If you are overweight and follow a healthy diet, you may be able to manage your Type 2 diabetes. If not, insulin may also be necessary for you. Since your stomach breaks down and renders ineffective insulin, it is not possible to take it as a pill. Rather, you need to receive insulin via injection (shot).

Pills

Oral medications, or pills, work in different ways to lower blood glucose levels. There are three ways that diabetes medications function. The ability of your body to use the insulin that is already in your blood is enhanced by sorbe pills, for example. Your pancreas produces more insulin when you take sorne pills. Moreover, some medications hinder the breakdown of meals that increase your glucosa levels, particularly those high in starch.

Procedures Diabetes can cause any of the following conditions:

• Nerve damage-especially in the legs
• Eye damage-such as cataracts and glaucoma
• lnfections- people with diabetes are at higher risk of infection
• Kidney damage-which can happen before the person has any symptoms of diabetes

Dialysis

Dialysis might be necessary if diabetes harms your kidneys. As your kidneys would normally do, dialysis eliminates waste from your blood. By passing the blood through a device known as a dialyzer, the most popular type of dialysis eliminates wastes. Your body pumps blood out, filters it, and then puts it back. Less than a cup of blood is typically taken out of your body at a time. Dialysis may be required multiple times a week to maintain the blood and body free of waste materials.